Topical Treatment of Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Background and Purpose: Evidence-based protocols of topical therapy for oral mucositis (OM) induced by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) are continuously established and updated. Thus, the present systematic review aims to evaluate the scientific literature in terms of effectiveness of topical treatment of OM in cancer patients undergoing CRT.  Materials and Methods: This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist. Randomized clinical trials were identified through electronic database searches on CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Grey literature was also assessed on Google Scholar, Open Grey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Twenty-three randomized clinical trials (n=1169 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-three different topical agents were examined and categorized into five groups: analgesics (30.4%), natural agents (21.7%), other topical agents (21.7%), antimicrobial agents (17.4%), and growth factors (8.8%). Of the included studies, 50% presented a resolution of OM within 14 days. Topical natural agents yielded good results with average resolution time of 3–7 days. The included studies generally demonstrated that patients treated with mouthwashes presented superior benefits compared to the control, depending on OM severity. Conclusion: Topical agents effectively reduced the severity of OM lesions and pain intensity in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, although the effects varied by agent type. However, the heterogeneity in the results of these topical intervention studies underscores the need for standardized clinical trial methodologies. Clinical Relevance: Topical agents were effective in patients with severe OM lesions receiving chemoradiotherapy and are a good alternative of home care in relation to pain control, reduction of inflammation and consequent improvement in quality of life.     

甲状腺手术患者围术期优质护理干预效果探讨

目的观察分析在甲状腺手术患者护理中予以围术期优质护理干预的应用价值。方法此研究从本院甲状腺手术患者中选取样本,总例数为80例,研究时间始于2017年4月,止于2019年4月,依据护理方案的异同对患者进行分组,试验组予以围术期优质护理干预,对照组予以常规性护理干预,对比两组护理结果。结果研究可得,试验组护理满意率相对较高,组间数据对比得知与对照组相比统计值合理(P<0.05)。研究可得,试验组并发症发生率相对较低,组建数据对比得知与对照组相比统计值合理(P<0.05);研究可得,试验组预后生活质量相对较高,组建数据对比得知与对照组相比统计值合理(P<0.05)。结论此研究得知,在甲状腺手术患者护理中予以围术期优质护理干预,能提高患者护理效果,降低其并发症发生情况,并进一步改善患者预后效果。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者综合护理的干预效果分析

目的 探讨对慢性化脓性中耳炎患者采用综合护理干预方式完成围术期护理后的临床效果.方法 选择医院2014年6月—2019年2月收治的80例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者作为实验对象;随机数表法分组后探究每组围术期选择的护理干预措施;对照组(40例):选择围术期基础护理措施;试验组(40例):选择围术期基础护理措施+综合护理干预措;比较两组中耳炎患者术后听力障碍恢复情况以及护理后并发症情况.结果 护理前,试验组慢性化脓性中耳炎患者听力障碍评分同对照组比较差异不明显(P>0.05);护理后,试验组听力障碍评分低于对照组明显(P<0.05);试验组慢性化脓性中耳炎患者并发症总发生率(2.50%)低于对照组(32.50%),差异明显(P<0.05).结论 慢性化脓性中耳炎患者于围术期接受综合护理干预后,对于听力障碍缓解、护理后安全指数提升,均获得显著作用效果,为慢性化脓性中耳炎患者康复状态的提升奠定基础.     

护理管理在职业健康体检中的干预分析

目的探讨护理管理干预在职业健康检查中的作用,对职业健康体检中护理管理干预进行探究。方法2019年1—6月在该院进行职业健康检查的600名劳动者为研究对象,随机分为两组(对照组,观察组),分析职业健康体检中护理管理干预效果。对照组选取300名在职业健康体检中采用了常规护理干预的受检者,300名受检者作为观察组,该组受检者均给予了护理管理干预。护理前后,分别以自制问卷调查的形式调查600名体检顾客的满意度。结果观察组对护士服务态度、护士操作技能、体检流程与体检环境的满意度分别为93.3%、98.7%、98.7%,体检结果中的血糖、血压、纯音测听、B超阳性率分别8.3%,11.7%,15.3%,5.0%。对照组的满意度分别为73.3%、87.3%、78.7%,体检结果中的血糖、血压、纯音测听、B超阳性率分别为17.3%,20.7%,24.3%,13.7%。结论实施护理管理干预提高了职业健康体检客户的满意度,在职业健康体检中,对体检人员予以护理管理干预,能有效提升护理服务水平,能够有效缩短体检者的体检时间,提高体检质量、体检效率及受检者的满意度。     

早产儿的神经发育

随着医学的进步, 早产儿的成活率显著提高。但早产儿的神经发育障碍性疾病的发生率明显高于正常足月新生儿。本文简单总结影响早产儿神经发育的相关危险因素、可能出现的神经发育障碍和综合管理, 旨在提醒家长和临床医生重视早产儿的神经发育和干预。     

Merging self-reported with technically sensed data for tracking mobility behavior in a naturalistic intervention study. Insights from the GISMO study

Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self-reported. For short-term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self-reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long-term intervention study. Through spatio-temporal data matching procedures, we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self-reported data deviate ±10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG-PT, IG-C). About 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG-PT) and 9.7% (IG-C), respectively, in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between  = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG-PT,  = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG-C, and  = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG-PT and IG-C no shift toward the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single-method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility-related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio-temporal matching procedures.     

Reducing sexual risk and promoting acceptance of men who have sex with men living with HIV in India: Outcomes and process evaluation of a pilot randomised multi-level intervention

ABSTRACT

HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+MSM) in India need culturally-relevant interventions to promote safer sex. We tested a multi-level intervention among HIV+MSM that targeted individual, interpersonal, and community factors, based on the Social-Personal and Social Ecological Models. We conducted a 2?×?2 factorial RCT with 119 HIV+MSM randomised to receive either an individual-level intervention (ILI) using motivational interviewing to promote safer sex, a community-level intervention (CLI) to strengthen community norms toward safer sex and reduce stigma among MSM communities, a multi-level intervention combining the individual- and community-level interventions (ILI?+?CLI), or standard-of-care control. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of a composite sexual risk score and a process evaluation to assess fidelity and satisfaction. Out of the 119 HIV+MSM, 106 (89.0%) completed pre- and post-intervention assessments. Generalised Estimating Equation models showed that both CLI (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]?=?.67, 95% CI .47 to .96) and ILI?+?CLI (IRR?=?.66, 95% CI .48 to .91) groups had a statistically significant decrease in sexual risk compared to the standard-of-care. The interventions had high levels of fidelity and satisfaction. This pilot RCT demonstrated feasibility and potential effectiveness of a multi-level intervention that addresses individual, interpersonal and community-level contributors of sexual risk among HIV+MSM.     

Review of imaging and endovascular intervention of iliocaval venous compression syndrome

Iliocaval venous compression syndrome (ICS) is the extrinsic compression of the common iliac vein by the overlying iliac artery against the vertebra. Chronic compression can lead to venous stenosis and stasis, which manifests as chronic venous disease and treatment resistance. Therefore, early recognition of ICS and prompt treatment are essential. Clinical presentations of ICS can be ambiguous and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion with the relevant imaging studies. The initial imaging test is typically a Duplex ultrasound for vessel assessment and pelvic ultrasound to exclude a compressive mass, which is followed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) venography. CT and MRI can identify the anatomical causes for venous compression. In patients with high clinical suspicion for ICS, negative findings on CT and MR venography would still warrant further investigations. Definitive diagnosis can be established using catheter-based venography complemented with intravascular ultrasonography but the nature of their invasiveness limits its utility as a routine imaging modality. In this review paper, we will discuss the evidence, utility and limitations of the existing imaging modalities and endovascular intervention used in the management of ICS.